Showing posts with label International Space Programe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label International Space Programe. Show all posts

Tuesday, 9 July 2013

KEPO: Animasi Laboratorium Sains Mars

Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover Animation 



This 11-minute animation depicts key events of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, which will launch in late 2011 and land a rover, Curiosity, on Mars in August 2012. A shorter 4-minute version of this animation, with narration, is also available on our youtube page. [NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory]

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012.

The overall objectives include investigating Mars' habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a manned mission to Mars.

The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team.

The Mars Science Laboratory mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort for the robotic exploration of Mars that is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California Institute of Technology. The total cost of the MSL project is about US$2.5 billion. [Rp. 25.000.000.000.000/25 Trilyun] Germany contributed 2.5 million euros ($3.1 million USD)


Instrument Inti

APXS - Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
ChemCam - Chemistry and Camera Complex
CheMin - Chemistry and Mineralogy
DAN – Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons
Hazcam - Hazard Avoidance Camera
MAHLI – Mars Hand Lens Imager
MARDI – Mars Descent Imager
MastCam - Mast Camera
MEDLI – MSL EDL Instrument
Navcam - Navigation Camera
RAD – Radiation assessment detector
REMS – Rover Environmental Monitoring Station
SAM – Sample Analysis at Mars

REMS – Rover Environmental Monitoring Station
RAD – Radiation assessment detector
Navcam - Navigation Camera
MEDLI – MSL EDL Instrument
MastCam - Mast Camera
MARDI – Mars Descent Imager
MAHLI – Mars Hand Lens Imager
Hazcam - Hazard Avoidance Camera
DAN – Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons
CheMin - Chemistry and Mineralogy
ChemCam - Chemistry and Camera Complex
APXS - Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer



Begitu memasuki atmosfer Mars, wahana yang membawanya melakukan manuver untuk memperlambat kecepatan hingga ketinggian sekitar 11 kilometer dari permukaan Mars. 

Kemudian parasut supersonik dikembangkan hingga wahana turun sampai ketinggian 1,6 kilometer. Wahana tersebut kemudian melepas retrorocket yang akan memandu pendaratan robot Curiosity yang dibawanya. Retrorocket kemudian menurunkan robot Curiosity menggunakan tali nilon dengan teknik yang disebut "derek angkasa". 

Begitu Curiosity menyentuh permukaan Mars, tali nilon yang digunakan dilepas dan retrorocket terbang menjauh. Robot beroda enam itu pun mulai bergerak di permukaan Mars. Curiosity diharapkan bisa meneliti molekul yang mendukung kehidupan di Mars sekaligus memecahkan misteri evolusi Mars. 

Keberhasilan ini juga menandai keberhasilan pertama mendaratkan robot beroda enam di Mars. 

Kunjungi Juga:

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Saturday, 6 July 2013

Kuliah Umum: Impian Manusia Menuju Planet Mars

Curiosity on Mars - ACSER Distinguished Guest Lecture at UNSW 


Dr. René Fradet is the Deputy Director, Engineering and Science Directorate at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. From 2009 through 2010, René was the Flight System Manager for the Mars Sample Laboratory (MSL) where he was responsible for the overall development of the MSL Flight System.

Before assuming his present leadership post at JPL, René was the founder, president and CEO of Alliance Spacesystems, also of Pasadena. René's company built a wide range of space mechatronic systems, most notably the Robot Arm for Curiosity, as well as the robot arms for the Phoenix lander and the earlier Spirit and Opportunity rovers.



Opportunity and its arm are still operational on Mars after almost ten years. Before founding Alliance, René was at JPL as the Deputy Spacecraft Manager on the New Millennium Program Deep Space One (DS1) Project. Deep Space One traveled far beyond Earth's orbit, visited both an asteroid and a comet, and was the first spacecraft to use an ion propulsion main engine rather than chemical propulsion for deep space missions. René was the co-leader responsible for the management of DS1 design, development and test, and was the chief Mechanical Engineer responsible for all associated mechanical activities.


NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission set down a large, mobile laboratory - the rover Curiosity - at Gale Crater, using precision landing technology that makes many of Mars' most intriguing regions viable destinations for the first time. During the 23 months after landing, Curiosity will analyse dozens of samples drilled from rocks or scooped from the ground as it explores with greater range than any previous Mars rover.

Curiosity carries the most advanced payload of scientific gear ever used on Mars' surface, a payload more than 10 times as massive as those of earlier Mars rovers. Its assignment: Investigate whether conditions have been favourable for microbial life and for preserving clues in the rocks about possible past life.

This talk will survey the tremendous successes of Curiosity so far, from landing on Mars to photographing, sampling and inspecting her surface. Some of the challenges facing Curiosity in the future include robotically drilling on the surface of Mars. This will be the first time since the Apollo program that humanity has drilled rocks on a non-Earth body, and the first time ever for a robot explorer.


Sumber:
1. University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
2. Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3. NASA
4. California Institute of Technology
5. http://acser.unsw.edu.au/index.html [The Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research]

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Memupuk Kerjasama IPTEK Antariksa Antar Bangsa


The International Space Station program is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and station resupply.

These agreements tie together the five space agencies and their respective International Space Station Programs and govern how they interact with each other on a daily basis to maintain station operations, from traffic control of spacecraft to and from the station, to utilization of space and crew time.  

See also
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_scientists"

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Skylab and Mir stations as the ninth space station to be inhabited. The ISS is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. Now the largest artificial body in orbit, it can often be seen at the appropriate time with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by American Space Shuttles as well as Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets.

The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars


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The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, the Russian Federal Space Agency, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the Russian orbital segment (ROS) and the United States orbital segment (USOS), which is shared by many nations. The ISS is maintained at an orbital altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). It completes 15.7 orbits per day. 

The ISS is funded until 2020, and may operate until 2028. The Russian Federal Space Agency (RSA/RKA) has proposed using ISS to commission modules for a new space station, called OPSEK, before the remainder of the ISS is de-orbited.


The Station simplifies individual experiments by eliminating the need for separate rocket launches and research staff. The primary fields of research include Astrobiology, astronomy, human research including space medicine and life sciences, physical sciences, materials science, space weather and weather on Earth (meteorology). 

Scientists on Earth have access to the crew's data and can modify experiments or launch new ones, benefits generally unavailable on unmanned spacecraft. 

Crews fly expeditions of several months duration, providing approximately 160 man-hours a week of labour with a crew of 6.

Sumber:

NASA
Wikipedia

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Monday, 24 June 2013

Keberhasilan Negeri Kung Fu Panda Menjelajahi Antariksa

Setelah Misi Antariksa "Sakral", China Targetkan Misi ke Bulan.



Pesawat luar angkasa China meluncur membawa tiga astronot pada Selasa (11/6/2013).

Tiga astronot akan menjalankan misi 15 hari untuk mengembangkan stasiun luar angkasa.

 The Long March-2F rocket carrying China's manned Shenzhou-10 spacecraft blasts off from the launch pad in Jiuquan, China.

Shenzou 10, nama pesawat luar angkasa itu, meluncur dari wilayah terpencil di Gurun Gobi, China, pada pukul 16.38 WIB dalam kondisi cuaca yang hangat dan langit biru bersih minim awan.

Pesawat luar angkasa ini nantinya akan "parkir" di Tiangong (Heavenly Palace) 1, modul stasiun luar angkasa percobaan. Sementara astronot akan menjalankan serangkaian eksperimen untuk menguji sistem modul.

Setelah kembali ke Bumi, astronot juga akan memberi kuliah.

China sukses menjalankan misi ke luar angkasa dengan "parkir" di Tiangong 1 Juni lalu. Langkah ini merupakan lompatan bagi China dalam mengembangkan keahlian teknologi dan logistik untuk mewujudkan stasiun luar angkasa yang bisa ditinggali dalam waktu lama.

Presiden China, Dr. Xi Jinping, menyaksikan secara langsung peluncuran tersebut, memberi pengarahan kepada astronot sebelum meluncur dan berharap astronot dapat sukses menjalankan misinya.

Dr. Xi Jinping adalah Presiden RRC
Peraih gelar sarjana dalam bidang Teknik Kimia dan Doktor Hukum di Tsinghua University




Dr. Jinping merasa sangat berbahagia.

"Anda semua adalah kebanggaan bagi China dan misi ini agung dan sakral," kata Dr. Xi Jinping.

Misi ini akan menjadi misi terlama China di luar angkasa dan misi kedua bagi pimpinan astronot, Nie Haisheng.

Guru Pertama Mengajar dari Antariksa

Diberitakan China Daily, Selasa 11 Juni 2013, astronot wanita bernama Wang Yaping itu selain membantu pembangunan stasiun luar angkasa, dia juga akan berperan sebagai guru pertama dari orbit. Menggunakan kamera dari antariksa, Ibu Wang akan memberikan pelajaran soal luar angkasa pada murid SD dan SMP di China.

Wang akan berbicara soal pergerakan dan sifat cairan di lingkungan tanpa gravitasi. Dia juga akan mengajarkan secara langsung pada para siswa soal berat badan dan massa berdasarkan Hukum Newton. Ada juga sesi interaktif dimana siswa dapat bertanya langsung.

Lahir tahun 1980, Wang bergabung dengan Angkatan Udara China pada usia 17 tahun. Wanita dari Yantai, provinsi Shandong, ini adalah salah satu pilot wanita andalan AU China. Tahun 2010, Wang terpilih jadi anggota angkatan kedua astronot China dan pada April 2013 terpilih terbang pada misi Shenzhou-10.

Sebelumnya, dia menjadi astronot cadangan pada misi Shenzhou-9 tahun 2012. Pada misi kali ini, Wang akan terbang bersama dua astronot pria, yaitu Nie Haisheng dan Zhang Xiaoguang.


Warga Negara China pun memuji Ibu Wang Yaping 
Sebagai Wanita astronot Tercantik di seluruh alam semesta.
Hadeuh.,.bisa saja mereka he.,he.,

Misi kali ini semakin mendekatkan China pada ambisi mereka membuat stasiun luar angkasa sendiri. Awak Shenzhou-10 akan membangun pondasi untuk pembangunan stasiun yang ditargetkan rampung pada 2020 ini.

Ambisi China di luar angkasa ditandai dengan pengiriman Yang Liwei, astronot pertama ke antariksa pada misi Shenzhou-V, Oktober 2003. Tahun 2012, China melakukan 18 kali peluncuran ke antariksa. Tahun lalu, China menerbangkan astronot wanita pertama mereka ke orbit dan pertama kali melakukan docking manual ke modul luar angkasa.

Pesatnya peningkatan program luar angkasa China sekaligus menunjukkan semakin berkembangnya negara tersebut dari segi finansial.

Pada program tahun lalu, China telah merogoh kocek hingga 40 miliar yuan atau setara Rp.64,4 triliun untuk penerbangan ke Antariksa.

 Organisasi Antariksa China

The China National Space Administration, an agency within the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense currently headed by Sun Laiyan, is now responsible for launches. The Long March rocket is produced by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and satellites are produced by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

The latter organizations are state-owned enterprises; however, it is the intent of the PRC government that they not actively be state managed and that they behave much as private companies would in the West.

China Universities and institutes:

The space program also has close links with:



Kegiatan Pengajaran Perdana Tiongkok dari Angkasa Luar 

Kalau mereka bisa, Indonesia Juga Harus Bisa

Semangat!

Sumber:

Wikipedia

Kompas

http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n1081/index.html [China National Space Administration]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_space_program [Chinese Space Program]

http://indonesian.cri.cn/ [China Radio Internasional]


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Thursday, 20 June 2013

Penerbangan Manusia Ke-Antariksa

"Penelitian yang tekun untuk menguak rahasia langit kosmik mungkin akan mengantarkan manusia menuju keabadian di Syurga kelak" 
*A.N*

 

Human spaceflight

 

Main article: Human spaceflight
The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, on which cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin of the USSR made one orbit around the Earth. In official Soviet documents, there is no mention of the fact that Gagarin parachuted the final seven miles.

The international rules for aviation records stated that "The pilot remains in his craft from launch to landing". This rule, if applied, would have "disqualified" Gagarins space-flight. Currently the only spacecraft regularly used for human spaceflight are Russian Soyuz spacecraft and the U.S. Space Shuttle fleet. Each of those space programs have used other spacecraft in the past. Recently, the Shenzhou spacecraft has been used twice for human spaceflight, as has SpaceshipOne.

Weightlessness

 

Main article: Weightlessness
Astronauts on the ISS in weightless conditions. Michael Foale can be seen exercising in the foreground.

Astronauts on the ISS in weightless conditions. Michael Foale can be seen exercising in the foreground.

In a microgravity environment such as that provided by a spacecraft in orbit around the Earth, humans experience a sense of "weightlessness." Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a self-limiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system. Long-term exposure causes multiple health issues. The most significant is bone loss, some of which is permanent, but microgravity also leads to significant deconditioning of muscular and cardiovascular tissues.

Radiation

 

Once above the atmosphere, radiation due to the Van Allen belts, solar radiation and cosmic radiation issues occur and increase.
Further away from the Earth, solar flares can give a fatal radiation dose in minutes, and cosmic radiation would significantly increase the chances of cancer over a decade exposure or more.

Life support

 

Main article: Life support system

In human spaceflight, the life support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in outer space. NASA often uses the phrase Environmental Control and Life Support System or the acronym ECLSS when describing these systems for its human spaceflight missions.

The life support system may supply: air, water and food. It must also maintain the correct body temperature, an acceptable pressure on the body and deal with the body's waste products. Shielding against harmful external influences such as radiation and micro-meteorites may also be necessary. Components of the life support system are life-critical, and are designed and constructed using safety engineering techniques.

Interplanetary spaceflight

 

 

Main article: Interplanetary spaceflight
See also: Space probe
An artist's imaginative impression of a vehicle entering a wormhole for interstellar travel

An artist's imaginative impression of a vehicle entering a wormhole for interstellar travel

Interplanetary travel is travel between planets within a single planetary system. In practice, the use of the term is confined to travel between the planets of the Solar System.

Interstellar spaceflight

 

 

Main article: Interstellar travel
Five spacecraft are currently leaving the Solar System on escape trajectories. The one farthest from the Sun is Voyager 1, which is more than 100 AU distant and is moving at 3.6 AU per year.


In comparison Proxima Centauri, the closest star other than the Sun, is 267,000 AU distant. It will take Voyager 1 over 74,000 years to reach this distance. Vehicle designs using nuclear pulse propulsion might be able to reach the nearest star in a few decades however.

Intergalactic spaceflight

 

 

Main article: Intergalactic travel
Intergalactic travel involves spaceflight between galaxies, and is considered much more technologically demanding than even interstellar travel and, by current engineering terms, is considered science fiction.

Astrodynamics

 

Main article: Astrodynamics
Astrodynamics is the study of spacecraft trajectories, particularly as they relate to gravitational and propulsion effects. Astrodynamics allows for a spacecraft to arrive at its destination at the correct time without excessive propellant use.

Spacecraft propulsion

 

Main article: Spacecraft propulsion
Spacecraft today predominantly use rockets for propulsion, but other propulsion techniques such as ion drives are becoming more common, particularly for unmanned vehicles, and this can significantly reduce the vehicle's mass and increase its delta-v.

Costs, market and uses of spaceflight



Current spaceflights are frequently, but not invariably paid for by governments; but there are strong launch markets such as satellite television that is purely commercial, although the launchers themselves are often at least partly funded by governments.
Uses for spaceflight include:
There is growing interest in spacecraft and flights paid for by commercial companies and even private individuals. It is thought that some of the high cost of access to space is due to governmental inefficiencies; and certainly the costs of the governmental paperwork surrounding NASA is legendary.

If a commercial company were able to be more efficient, costs could come down significantly. Space launch vehicles such as Falcon I have been wholly developed with private finance, and the quoted costs for launch are lower.


Siapkah Kita Menjadi Astronot?

Antariksawan (lazim disebut astronot) adalah sebutan bagi orang yang telah menjalani latihan dalam program penerbangan antariksa manusia untuk memimpin, menerbangkan pesawat, atau menjadi awak pesawat antariksa. Istilah "astronot" juga kadang digunakan untuk merujuk secara spesifik kepada antariksawan yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat atau negara sahabat, berbeda dengan seorang kosmonot yang berasal dari Uni Soviet/Rusia. 

Kosmonot pertama adalah Yuri Gagarin. Semenjak tahun 2003 dikenal pula istilah taikonot (meski bukan istilah resmi pemerintah Tiongkok), antariksawan dari Tiongkok. Taikonot pertama adalah Yang Liwei.

Antariksawan-antariksawan pertama, baik di AS maupun Uni Soviet, biasanya merupakan pilot pesawat tempur, umumnya pilot-pilot penguji dengan latar belakang militer. Antariksawan militer biasanya menerima tanda kualifikasi khusus, dikenal di AS dengan nama Astronaut Badge setelah menyelesaikan latihan dan mengikuti penerbangan ke luar angkasa.

Majulah IPTEK Antariksa Nusantara

Sumber:

Wikipedia

NASA

https://www.axeapollo.com/id_ID/ [Axe Apollo Space Academy]

Kunjungi Juga: Sekolah dan Akademi Antariksa Indonesia

Indonesian Space Sciences & Technology School

Indonesian University Space Research Association

Semangat Indonesia

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Tuesday, 2 April 2013

Kursus Ipteks Aerospace: Mekanika Fluida



"Memulai kerja keras memang sangat berat. Tapi kalau sudah terbiasa bekerja keras, semua pekerjaan akan menjadi mudah." 
~Dahlan Iskan, Menteri BUMN Fenomenal~ 



Fluid mechanics – the study of fluid flow around objects. Specifically aerodynamics concerning the flow of air over bodies such as wings or through objects such as wind tunnels (see also lift and aeronautics).

Mekanika fluida adalah subdisiplin dari mekanika kontinum yang mempelajari fluida (yang dapat berupa cairan dan gas). Mekanika fluida dapat dibagi menjadi fluida statik dan fluida dinamik. Fluida statis mempelajari fluida pada keadaan diam sementara fluida dinamis mempelajari fluida yang bergerak.

Persamaan pada fluida Newtonian



Konstanta yang menghubungkan tegangan geser dan gradien kecepatan secara linier dikenal dengan istilah viskositas. Persamaan yang menggambarkan perlakuan fluida Newtonian adalah:
\tau=\mu\frac{dv}{dx}
di mana
\tau adalah tegangan geser yang dihasilkan oleh fluida
\mu adalah viskositas fluida-sebuah konstanta proporsionalitas
\frac{dv}{dx} adalah gradien kecepatan yang tegak lurus dengan arah geseran
Viskositas pada fluida Newtonian secara definisi hanya bergantung pada temperatur dan tekanan dan tidak bergantung pada gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada fluida. Jika fluida bersifat inkompresibel dan viskositas bernilai tetap di seluruh bagian fluida, persamaan yang menggambarkan tegangan geser (dalam koordinat kartesian) adalah
\tau_{ij}=\mu\left(\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial v_j}{\partial x_i} \right)
di mana
\tau_{ij} adalah tegangan geser pada bidang i^{th} dengan arah j^{th}
v_i adalah kecepatan pada arah i^{th}
x_j adalah koordinat berarah j^{th}
Jika suatu fluida tidak memenuhi hubungan ini, fluida ini disebut fluida non-Newtonian.


"Terbanglah-terbang wahai cita, tembuslah segenap jagat raya kemungkinan, raihlah bintang, genggamlah rembulan dengan setinggi-tingginya ilmu dan sedalam-dalamnya kebijaksanaan"
~A.N.~



Kunjungi Juga:


Kunjungi juga sekolah Online Kami dalam Bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan Dirgantara dan Ke Luar Angkasa'an

Indonesian Space Sciences & Technology School

Sebuah persembahan sederhana dari para ilmuwan muda tanah air untuk kemajuan peradaban umat manusia.

Indonesian University Space Research Association

Sumber:

http://astrophysicsblogs.blogspot.com/2012/06/aerospace-engineering-course.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering

Photo by: Me

Thanks to:

1. Kementrian BUMN
2. PT. Dirgantara Indonesia
3. PT. Regio Prop
4. Boeing
5. EADS

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Monday, 6 August 2012

Membangun Peradaban di Planet Mars

Hari ini sebuah wahana bernama Curiosity berhasil mendarat di Planet Mars

Setelah terbang selama 8,5 bulan, setelah menghabiskan dana hampir Rp. 22.000.000.000.000., setelah melewati teror kegagalan pendaratan selama tujuh menit, akhirnya.

Curiosity Lands on Mars

 

 

 

Operator NASA
Major contractors
Mission type Rover
Launch date November 26, 2011 (2011-11-26) 15:02:00.211 UTC (10:02 EST)
Launch vehicle Atlas V 541 (AV-028)
Launch site Cape Canaveral LC-41
Mission duration 668 Martian sols (686 Earth days)
COSPAR ID 2011-070A
Homepage Mars Science Laboratory
Mass 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Power Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG)
Mars landing
Date August 6, 2012, 05:14:39 UTC
MSD 49269 15:00:01 LMST (Mars time)
MSD 49269 05:50:16 AMT
Coordinates Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater, 4°35′31″S 137°26′25″E

 


NASA's Curiosity rover has landed on Mars! Its descent-stage retrorockets fired, guiding it to the surface. Nylon cords lowered the rover to the ground in the "sky crane" maneuver. When the spacecraft sensed touchdown, the connecting cords were severed, and the descent stage flew out of the way. The time of day at the landing site is mid-afternoon -- about 3 p.m. local Mars time at Gale Crater. The time at JPL's mission control is about 10:31 p.m. Aug. 5 PDT (early morning EDT).


> Full Mission Section

> Fact Sheet (PDF)

> Landing Press Kit (PDF)

> All Mars Missions

Mengirimkan Manusia dan Membangun Peradaban di Planet Mars


Allhamdulilah Penulis dan Peneliti muda dapat menyaksikan sejarah dalam dunia ke-Antariksaan yaitu pendaratan Wahana Antariksa Curiosity di Planet Mars.

Mungkinkah manusia bisa mengunjungi Planet Mars dan membangun peradaban di sana?

Untuk mewujudkan itu semua umat manusia harus bersatu dan bekerjasama mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang memungkinkan akan pendaratan tersebut.

Dalam rentang waktu hingga tahun 2020-2025 manusia harus dapat membangun wahana transit di daerah sekitar Bulan dan antara Planet Bumi - Planet Mars untuk mempersiapkan pendaratan Manusia ke Planet Merah.

Kemungkinan manusia mampu mendarat di Planet Mars adalah dalam rentang waktu tahun 2030-2040

Kandidat negara yang akan melakukan pendaratan tersebut adalah:
1. USA
2. China
3. Russia
4. India

Lalu di mana posisi Indonesia?

Indonesia bisa menjadi negara penyedia SDM dan IPTEK pendukung Misi besar ini.

Para ilmuwan di Indonesia membangun  Masyarakat Mars Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk meneliti dan mengembangkan IPTEK eksplorasi Planet Mars.


Pembangunan Peradaban di Kawasan Planet Mars diprediksi akan dimulai pada tahun 2080 dengan diawali membangun laboratorium pengembangan uji kehidupan di sana.

Planet Mars kemungkinan bisa dihuni oleh umat manusia pada rentang waktu 2121; beberapa puluh ilmuwan tinggal di Planet Mars dan memulai persiapan perencanaan pembangunan kota di sana.

Gambar pertama yang dikirimkan dari wahana Curiosity di Planet Mars

Muncullah foto hitam putih ini. Sangat bermakna, sebab bintik-bintik hitam dan putih ini bercerita, robot penjelajah Mars terbaru bertajuk Mars Science Laboratory alias Curiosity telah hidup dan siap bekerja di Mars ! 


With its rover named Curiosity, Mars Science Laboratory mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet. Curiosity was designed to assess whether Mars ever had an environment able to support small life forms called microbes. In other words, its mission is to determine the planet's "habitability."

Mars Science Laboratory will study Mars' habitability

To find out, the rover will carry the biggest, most advanced suite of instruments for scientific studies ever sent to the martian surface. The rover will analyze samples scooped from the soil and drilled from rocks. The record of the planet's climate and geology is essentially "written in the rocks and soil" -- in their formation, structure, and chemical composition. The rover's onboard laboratory will study rocks, soils, and the local geologic setting in order to detect chemical building blocks of life (e.g., forms of carbon) on Mars and will assess what the martian environment was like in the past.

Mars Science Laboratory relies on innovative technologies

Mars Science Laboratory will rely on new technological innovations, especially for landing. The spacecraft will descend on a parachute and then, during the final seconds prior to landing, lower the upright rover on a tether to the surface, much like a sky crane. Once on the surface, the rover will be able to roll over obstacles up to 75 centimeters (29 inches) high and travel up to 90 meters (295 feet) per hour. On average, the rover is expected to travel about 30 meters (98 feet) per hour, based on power levels, slippage, steepness of the terrain, visibility, and other variables.

The rover will carry a radioisotope power system that generates electricity from the heat of plutonium's radioactive decay. This power source gives the mission an operating lifespan on Mars' surface of a full martian year (687 Earth days) or more, while also providing significantly greater mobility and operational flexibility, enhanced science payload capability, and exploration of a much larger range of latitudes and altitudes than was possible on previous missions to Mars.

Arriving at Mars at 10:31 p.m. PDT on Aug. 5, 2012 (1:31 a.m. EDT on Aug. 6, 2012), Mars Science Laboratory will serve as an entrée to the next decade of Mars exploration. It represents a huge step in Mars surface science and exploration capability because it will:
  • demonstrate the ability to land a very large, heavy rover to the surface of Mars (which could be used for a future Mars Sample Return mission that would collect rocks and soils and send them back to Earth for laboratory analysis)
  • demonstrate the ability to land more precisely in a 20-kilometer (12.4-mile) landing circle
  • demonstrate long-range mobility on the surface of the red planet (5-20 kilometers or about 3 to 12 miles) for the collection of more diverse samples and studies.


Technology development makes missions possible. Each Mars mission is part of a continuing chain of innovation. Each relies on past missions for proven technologies and contributes its own innovations to future missions. This chain allows NASA to push the boundaries of what is currently possible, while still relying on proven technologies.

Below are examples of the way in which the Mars Science Laboratory mission relies on past technologies and contributes new ones.
Technologies of Broad Benefit
launch vehicle Propulsion: for providing the energy to get to Mars and conduct long-term studies
Mars Exploration Rover Power: for providing more efficient and increased electricity to the spacecraft and its subsystems
DSN Telecommunications: for sending commands and receiving data faster and in greater amounts
Mission control Software Engineering: for providing the computing and commands necessary to operate the spacecraft and its subsystems
In-situ Exploration and Sample Return
Entry, Descent, and Landing Entry, Descent, and Landing: for ensuring precise and safe landings
Mars Science Laboratory Rover Autonomous Planetary Mobility: for enabling the rovers to make decisions and avoid hazards on their own
Severe Environment Technologies for Severe Environments: for making systems robust enough to handle extreme conditions in space and on Mars
Sample Return Technologies Sample Return Technologies: for collecting and returning rock, soil, and atmospheric samples back to Earth for further laboratory analysis
The spacecraft in the cleanroom Planetary Protection Technologies: for cleaning and sterilizing spacecraft and handling soil, rock, and atmospheric samples
Science Instruments
Artists concept Odyssey in orbit around Mars Remote Science Instrumentation: for collecting Mars data from orbit
In-situ Instrumentation In-situ Instrumentation: for collecting Mars data from the surface


Mars for Educators

Mars Classroom Resources
Mars Activity Book
Earth/Mars Comparison Poster Front
Earth/Mars Comparison Poster Back (contains classroom activities)


   You can participate in four major programs:


Imagine Mars: K-4, 5-8; Mars Student Imaging Project: 5-8, 9-12; Mars Robotics Education: 5-8, 9-12; Mars Educator Workshops: K-4, 5-8, 9-12

Curriculum Supplements
Robotics activities are available. Download the activity summaries (PDF, 1.33 MB) or the full activity set (PDF, 1.08 MB).
The Mars Curriculum Modules are designed to help bring the topic of Mars into your 4th through 12th grade classrooms.
Students learn how sediment, landforms and drainage patterns provide clues about a planet's geologic history.
Students investigate the formation of Mars' 3000-mile-long valley.
Can water exist on Mars Today?
NASA Resources and Educational Programs
  • Robotics Alliance Project - Robots are a great way to inspire students to learn about math, science, and technology. Enjoy robots in the classroom or find out how students can participate in robotics competitions and other events.
Learn to study Mars like a scientist.
This Directory is a convenient way to find NASA space science products for use in classrooms, science museums, planetariums and other settings.
  • NASA SpaceLink Mars Educational Materials
This is the Mars section of NASA's primary site for educators and their students. Bookmark http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/index.html as your source of NASA educational materials.
  • NASA CORE (Central Operation of Resources for Educators)
This site offers Mars-related audio-visual materials. See http://education.nasa.gov/edprograms/core/home/index.html for other resources.
Educational Sites Created by Mars Missions and Instruments
Cornell University is responsible for the Athena scientific instrument package on the twin rovers being launched in 2003. Their site offers educational and fun ways to explore Mars.
What is Mars' weather today?
The Mars Global Surveyor is currently orbiting Mars. The Global Surveyor Radio Science Team Education Outreach Program at Stanford University gives a daily Martian Weather Report and has a selection of lessons and activities for grades K-12.

What's happening on the surface?
The Mars Orbiter Camera on Mars Global Surveyor is looking at craters, flood channels, clouds and dust devils. Malin Space Science Systems has assembled some interesting educational materials.

How deep are Mars' valleys and how high are its mountains?
The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on Mars Global Surveyor from NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center is mapping the ups and downs of Mars' surface.

What can we learn from Mars' magnetic field?
The Magnetometer/Electron Reflectometer team on Mars Global Surveyor at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center can tell you.

What's Mars made of?
The Thermal Emission Spectrometer Thermal Emission Spectrometer on Mars Global Surveyor is finding out! Visit their educational website at Arizona State University.

Phoenix Mars Lander
The Phoenix Classroom offers activities and materials to facilitate student understanding of fundamental concepts related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
More Resources
Reaching for the Red Planet is a multi-purpose curriculum focusing on planning a Mars colony. The project includes lessons about the Earth's environment, choosing a purpose for a Mars colony and designing that colony. The students will use drawings, creative writing, research skills, team work, math and the scientific method to design an artificial environment for Mars. Several assignments, a teacher's tour guide to the planets, a guide to the question of life on Mars and a guide to current and planned Mars missions are included.
Sumber:
1. NASA
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars
3. http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/
4. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
5. http://indonesiagotomars.blogspot.com/

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