- Multi-stage
- Chinese Project 921-3 Shuttle
- ESA Hermes Shuttle
- Soviet Buran Shuttle
- Soyuz Kontakt
- Teledesic
- Manned Orbiting Laboratory
- X-20
- Skylon and the earlier RR/British Aerospace HOTOL
- ESA Hopper Orbiter
- McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper)
- Roton Rotored-Hybrid
- Lockheed-Martin VentureStar
- NX-Alpha (Planning Stage)