Saturday, 22 December 2012

Building Missile Defense System


"Dalam sepuluh, dua puluh tahun lagi, Bandung akan jadi lautan inovasi dan kemajuan, 
tempat pusat industri strategis termasuk di bidang pertahanan, 
industri inilah yang akan mengubah bangsa Indonesia."
~Jendral TNI Purnawirawan Dr. H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, M.A., Presiden Indonesia~

In a modern military, a missile is a self-propelled guided weapon system. Missiles have four system components: targeting and/or guidance, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles come in types adapted for different purposes: surface-to-surface and air-to-surface (ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, anti-tank), surface-to-air (anti-aircraft and anti-ballistic), air-to-air, and anti-satellite missiles.

  A F-22 Raptor fires an AIM-120 AMRAAM

Beda Sistem Pertahanan Udara Israel, Iran, dan Indonesia

Kepala Program Pesawat Udara Nir Awak (PUNA) Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi (BPPT) Dr. Joko Purwono, menjelaskan mengapa Israel lebih tangguh dan unggul dalam teknologi pertahanan udara dibanding negara lain. Menurut Joko, kondisi itu tercipta lantaran Israel merasa pertahanannya terancam dan terintimidasi dengan negara sekitarnya di Timur Tengah.

Untuk bisa bertahan, paparnya, negeri Zionis tersebut berupaya meningkatkan kekuatan pertahanan udaranya untuk mengontrol ancaman dari luar. Caranya dengan terus mengembangkan teknologi berbagai pesawat tempur hingga pesawat intai tanpa awak alias unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). "Mereka merasa tidak tenang, dan untuk survive Israel terus berinovasi mengembangkan teknologi pesawatnya hingga bisa canggih," ujar Joko.

Joko melanjutkan, pola yang sama juga terjadi di Iran. Merasa negaranya menjadi incaran Israel dan Amerika Serikat (AS), serta tidak bakal dibantu negara Teluk lainnya, maka pihak militer berkomitmen mengembangkan teknologi pesawat tanpa awak.


"One can not impede scientific progress."
~Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran~


Iran terus berpacu mengejar ketertinggalan teknologi dengan banyak mempelajari teknologi luar. Alhasil, beberapa waktu lalu Iran sukses merontokkan pesawat intai AS dan Israel yang mencoba menyusup masuk ke wilayah udara negara Para Mullah tersebut. "Iran berjuang mengembangkan teknologi pesawatnya hingga sudah tahap canggih, tapi teknologi dan industri pertahanan Israel sudah jauh lebih maju karena sudah mengembangkannya lebih dulu," kata Joko.

Untuk Indonesia, Joko mengaku sangat prihatin sebab dapat dikatakan tertinggal akibat tidak adanya komitmen pemerintah. Ini karena pemerintah masih sibuk pada program peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan alokasi APBN sangat minim untuk pengembangan industri alutsista dalam negeri.

Padahal sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang dimiliki bangsa ini tidak kalah dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya. Sayangnya, hanya kurang mendapat kesempatan dan pelatihan.

Namun, lanjut Joko, belakangan ini pemerintah mulai sadar untuk menggiatkan program peningkatan alutsista, termasuk pembelian pesawat intai untuk menjaga wilayah perbatasan Indonesia. "Bagus sekarang sektor pertahanan dihidupkan pemerintah. Tapi, lebih baik beli pesawat dalam negeri, bukan luar negeri," kritik Dr. Joko.


Drone: 
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle.

 

Flight

 

 

 

A ballistic missile trajectory consists of three parts: the powered flight portion, the free-flight portion which constitutes most of the flight time, and the re-entry phase where the missile re-enters the Earth's atmosphere.
Ballistic missiles can be launched from fixed sites or mobile launchers, including vehicles (transporter erector launchers, TELs), aircraft, ships and submarines. The powered flight portion can last from a few tens of seconds to several minutes and can consist of multiple rocket stages.

When in space and no more thrust is provided, the missile enters free-flight. In order to cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched into a high sub-orbital spaceflight; for intercontinental missiles the highest altitude (apogee) reached during free-flight is about 1200 km.

The re-entry stage begins at an altitude where atmospheric drag plays a significant part in missile trajectory, and lasts until missile impact.

 Indonesia membeli pesawat tempur sukhoi secara bertahap 
hingga sebentar lagi menjadi satu Skuadron

 

Missile types


Ballistic missiles can vary widely in range and use, and are often divided into categories based on range. Various schemes are used by different countries to categorize the ranges of ballistic missiles:
Short- and medium-range missiles are often collectively referred to as theater or tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs). Long and medium-range ballistic missiles are generally designed to deliver nuclear weapons because their payload is too limited for conventional explosives to be cost-effective (though the U.S. is evaluating the idea of a conventionally-armed ICBM for near-instant global air strike capability despite the high costs).

The flight phases are like those for ICBMs, except with no exoatmospheric phase for missiles with ranges less than about 350 km.


 MIM-104 Patriot missile being launched

Technology

 

Guided missiles have a number of different system components:

Guidance systems

 

Main article: Missile guidance

Missiles may be targeted in a number of ways. The most common method is to use some form of radiation, such as infrared, lasers or radio waves, to guide the missile onto its target. This radiation may emanate from the target (such as the heat of an engine or the radio waves from an enemy radar), it may be provided by the missile itself (such as a radar) or it may be provided by a friendly third party (such as the radar of the launch vehicle/platform, or a laser designator operated by friendly infantry). The first two are often known as fire-and-forget as they need no further support or control from the launch vehicle/platform in order to function. Another method is to use a TV camera—using either visible light or infra-red—in order to see the target. The picture may be used either by a human operator who steers the missile onto its target, or by a computer doing much the same job. One of the more bizarre guidance methods instead used a pigeon to steer the missile to its target.

Many missiles use a combination of two or more of the above methods, to improve accuracy and the chances of a successful engagement.

Targeting systems

 

 

Another method is to target the missile by knowing the location of the target, and using a guidance system such as INS, TERCOM or GPS. This guidance system guides the missile by knowing the missile's current position and the position of the target, and then calculating a course between them. This job can also be performed somewhat crudely by a human operator who can see the target and the missile, and guides it using either cable or radio based remote-control, or by an automatic system that can simultaneously track the target and the missile.

Flight system

 

 

Whether a guided missile uses a targeting system, a guidance system or both, it needs a flight system. The flight system uses the data from the targeting or guidance system to maneuver the missile in flight, allowing it to counter inaccuracies in the missile or to follow a moving target. There are two main systems: vectored thrust (for missiles that are powered throughout the guidance phase of their flight) and aerodynamic maneuvering (wings, fins, canards, etc.).

Engine

 

 

Missiles are powered by an engine, generally either a type of rocket or jet engine. Rockets are generally of the solid fuel type for ease of maintenance and fast deployment, although some larger ballistic missiles use liquid fuel rockets. Jet engines are generally used in cruise missiles, most commonly of the turbojet type, due to its relative simplicity and low frontal area. Turbofans and ramjets are the only other common forms of jet engine propulsion, although any type of engine could theoretically be used. Missiles often have multiple engine stages, particularly in those launched from the ground. These stages may all be of similar types or may include a mix of engine types - for example, ground-launched cruise missiles often have a rocket booster for launching and a jet engine for sustained flight.

Some missiles may have additional propulsion from another source at launch; for example the V1 was launched by a catapult and the MGM-51 was fired out of a tank gun (using a smaller charge than would be used for a shell).

Warhead

 

 

Missiles generally have one or more explosive warheads, although other weapon types may also be used. The warhead or warheads of a missile provides its primary destructive power (many missiles have extensive secondary destructive power due to the high kinetic energy of the weapon and unburnt fuel that may be on board). Warheads are most commonly of the high explosive type, often employing shaped charges to exploit the accuracy of a guided weapon to destroy hardened targets. Other warhead types include submunitions, incendiaries, nuclear weapons, chemical, biological or radiological weapons or kinetic energy penetrators. Warheadless missiles are often used for testing and training purposes.


Missile Defense Systems
 
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception and destruction of attacking missiles. Originally conceived as a defence against nuclear-armed Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

http://www.mda.mil
The Missile Defense Agency

Command, Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC)

 

The Command, Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) program is the hub of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). It is a vital operational system that enables the U.S. president, secretary of defense and combatant commanders at strategic, regional and operational levels to systematically plan ballistic missile defense operations, to collectively see the battle develop, and to dynamically manage designated networked sensors and weapons systems to achieve global and regional mission objectives. 

C2BMC creates a layered missile defense capability that enables an optimized response to threats of all ranges in all phases of flight. C2BMC is the force multiplier that globally and regionally networks, integrates and synchronizes stand-alone missile defense systems and operations to optimize performance. C2BMC globally links, integrates and synchronizes individual missile defense elements, systems and operations, and therefore, it is an integral part of all system ground and flight tests which verify and exercise all current and future BMDS capabilities.

Through its operational software and networks, the C2BMC program provides redundant connectivity and enables on-site operations and sustainment for global combatant commanders. It provides key BMDS operational services through five product lines:

1. Ballistic Missile Defense Planner

  • Provides warfighters the capability to explore the effectiveness of various defensive plans.
  • Supports three types of planning crossing all phases of military operations: Adaptive/Deliberate, Crisis Action, and Dynamic Planning. .

2. Command and Control

  • Provides situational awareness by turning detailed data into decision quality information combatant commanders can employ in the event of a missile threat.
  • Emphasizes a common, single, integrated ballistic missile picture and provides the status of the overall BMDS, from the president down to the operational levels of command.

3. Global Engagement Manager

  • Provides the first true BMDS battle management capability through C2BMC.
  • Acts as a force multiplier to achieve integrated, layered ballistic missile defense through improved sensor resource management and engagement coordination.

4. Ballistic Missile Defense Network

  • Aligns and integrates the individual sensors and weapon elements of the BMDS.
  • Provides robust, high-availability connectivity to quickly and unambiguously share information across the global BMDS.

5. Concurrent Test, Training, and Operations

  • Meets the warfighter’s requirements for a capability to sustain BMDS operations while supporting concurrent Research, Development, Test & Evaluation and maintenance.
  • Enables the warfighter to conduct distributed, high–fidelity, end-to-end training for missile defense operations. 
Unduh Petunjuk: The Ballistic Missile Defense System 

http://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/bmds.pdf

Pusdikarhanud: Pusat Pendidikan Artileri Pertahanan Udara
''VYATA ANIKA BHUANA'' :
Yang berarti tempat mendidik dan menggembleng Prajurit yang akan menjaga angkasa wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. 

Bagian-Bagian Sistem Pertahanan Misil

Defense systems and initiatives

 

Main article: Missile defense systems of various nations




Penulis dan Ilmuwan Muda Bersama Duta Besar (Dubes) Republik Islam Iran beserta rombongan Presidency Center for Innovation and Technology Cooperation (CITC) Iran,
yang dipimpin oleh Dr. Hamid Reza Amirinia, M.Sc.


Semoga Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Tetap Jaya di Darat, Laut, Udara dan Antariksa

Insha Allah

Amin


Semangat Indonesia Bisa

Diposting oleh Astrophysics Boy di 04:00:00 0 komentar

Label:

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)