Indonesian Space Force Command

Indonesian Space Force Command   

 Komando Untuk Keamanan Luar Angkasa 

Dari Angkatan Antariksa Indonesia

"Kami Menjelajahi Alam Raya untuk Menemukan Keagungan Sang Maha Kuasa"

 ~Gen. Arip Nurahman~

 

 

 

(Komando Pasukan Khusus Angkatan Antariksa Indonesia)

 

(Korps Pasukan Khas Angkatan Udara)

 

Jet-powered fighters

It has become common in the aviation community to classify jet fighters by "generations" for historical purposes. There are no official definitions of these generations; rather, they represent the notion that there are stages in the development of fighter design approaches, performance capabilities, and technological evolution.

The timeframes associated with each generation are inexact and are only indicative of the period during which their design philosophies and technology employment enjoyed a prevailing influence on fighter design and development. These timeframes also encompass the peak period of service entry for such aircraft.

First generation subsonic jet fighters (mid-1940s to mid-1950s)

Main article: First generation jet fighter

Messerschmitt Me 262A at the National Museum of the United States Air Force

The first generation of jet fighters comprises the initial, subsonic jet fighter designs introduced late in World War II and in the early post-war period. They differed little from their piston-engined counterparts in appearance, and many employed unswept wings. Guns remained the principal armament. The impetus for the development of turbojet-powered aircraft was to obtain a decisive advantage in maximum speed. Top speeds for fighters rose steadily throughout World War II as more powerful piston engines were developed, and had begun approaching the transonic flight regime where the efficiency of piston-driven propellers drops off considerably.

RAF Gloster Meteor

The first jets were developed during World War II and saw combat in the last two years of the war. Messerschmitt developed the first operational jet fighter, the Me 262. It was considerably faster than contemporary piston-driven aircraft, and in the hands of a competent pilot, was quite difficult for Allied pilots to defeat. The design was never deployed in numbers sufficient to stop the Allied air campaign, and a combination of fuel shortages, pilot losses, and technical difficulties with the engines kept the number of sorties low.

Nevertheless, the Me 262 indicated the obsolescence of piston-driven aircraft. Spurred by reports of the German jets, Britain's Gloster Meteor entered production soon after and the two entered service around the same time in 1944. Meteors were commonly used to intercept the V-1 "buzz bomb", as they were faster than available piston-engined fighters. By the end of the war almost all work on piston-powered fighters had ended. A few designs combining piston and jet engines for propulsion – such as the Ryan FR Fireball – saw brief use, but by the end of the 1940s virtually all new combat aircraft were jet-powered.

Despite their advantages, the early jet fighters were far from perfect, particularly in the opening years of the generation. Their operational lifespans could be measured primarily in hours; the engines themselves were fragile and bulky, and power could be adjusted only slowly. Many squadrons of piston-engined fighters were retained until the early-to-mid 1950s, even in the air forces of the major powers (though the types retained were the best of the World War II designs). Innovations including ejector seats and all-moving tailplanes were introduced in this period.

The Americans were one of the first to begin using jet fighters post-war. The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star (soon re-designated F-80) was less elegant than the swept-wing Me 262, but had a cruise speed (660 km/h [410 mph]) as high as the combat maximum of many piston-engined fighters. The British designed several new jets, including the iconic de Havilland Vampire which was sold to the air forces of many nations.

F-86 Sabres

The British transferred the technology of the Rolls-Royce Nene jet engine technology to the Soviets, who soon put it to use in their advanced Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighters which were the first to introduce swept wings in combat, an innovation first proposed by German research which allowed flying much closer to the speed of sound than straight-winged designs such as the F-80. Their top speed of 1,075 km/h (668 mph) proved quite a shock to the American F-80 pilots who encountered them over Korea, along with their armament of two 23 mm cannons and a single 37 mm cannon compared to machine guns. Nevertheless, in the first jet-versus-jet dogfight in history, which occurred during the Korean War on 8 November 1950, an F-80 (as the P-80 had been redesignated) intercepted two North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shot them down.

The Americans responded by rushing their own swept-wing F-86 squadrons to battle against the MiGs which had similar trans-sonic performance. The two aircraft had different strengths, but were similar enough that the superior technology such as a radar ranging gunsight and skills of the veteran United States Air Force pilots allowed them to prevail.

The world's navies also transitioned to jets during this period, despite the need for catapult-launching of the new aircraft. Grumman's F9F Panther was adopted by the U.S. Navy as their primary jet fighter in the Korean War period, and it was one of the first jet fighters to employ an afterburner. The de Havilland Sea Vampire was the Royal Navy's first jet fighter. Radar was used on specialized night fighters such as the F3D Skyknight which also downed MiGs over Korea, and later fitted to the F2H Banshee and swept wing F7U Cutlass and F3H Demon as all-weather / night fighters. Early versions of Infra-red (IR) air-to-air missiles (AAMs) such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder and radar guided missiles such as the AIM-7 Sparrow which would be developed into the 21st century were first introduced on swept wing subsonic Demon and Cutlass naval fighters.

See also: List of first generation jet fighters

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Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Indonesian Army)
 

 http://www.tniad.mil.id/

Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut (Indonesian Navy)

http://www.tnial.mil.id/

Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara (Indonesian Air Force)

 http://tni-au.mil.id/

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Police)

 

http://www.polri.go.id/

Sumber: Wikipedia

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu dan Teknologi Antariksa Indonesia

Air&Space Craft Design

Open Blog for Comments & Questions

Sumber:

Dan Ramyer, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Asean Space Research Association

 
Vision

Make a Space City in 2060

Mission

1. Education


2. Research & Development

3. Space Industry


Program

1. 2010-2015

Bersatunya Para Ilmuwan dan Kalangan Masyarakat ASEAN untuk Pengembangan Ilmu & Teknologi Antariksa

2. 2015-2020

Perancangan Pesawat Ulang Alik ASEAN

3. 2020-2025

Peluncuran Pertama Pesawat Ulang-Alik ASEAN

4. 2025-2030

Pembangunan Statsiun Luar Angkasa ASEAN

5. 2030-2040

Pendaratan Manusia di Bulan

Peluncuran dan Perakitan Kota Luar Angkasa ASEAN

6. 2040-2050

Peluncuran dan Perakitan Kota Luar Angkasa ASEAN

7. 2050-2060


Peresmian Kota Luar Angkasa ASEAN

"The long-term survival of the human race is at risk as long as it is confined to a single planet. Sooner or later, disasters such as an asteroid collision or nuclear war could wipe us all out. But once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe. There isn't anywhere like the Earth in the solar system, so we would have to go to another star."

– Stephen Hawking, Physicist

Powered by:


1.  Indonesia

2.  Thailand

3.  Malaysia

4.  Singapore

5.  Philippines

6.  Vietnam

7.  Brunei

8.  Burma

9.  Cambodia

10.  Laos

ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Science and Technology (AMMST)

 

Science, technology and innovation can be powerful determinants and enablers of economic development, educational programmes and protection of the environment. This view is shared by the ASEAN Leaders who have recognised science and technology (S&T) as a key factor in sustaining economic growth, enhancing community well-being and promoting integration in ASEAN. The Leaders have envisioned that by 2020 that ASEAN will be technology competitive, competent in strategic and enabling technologies, with an adequate pool of technologically qualified and trained manpower, and strong networks of scientific and technological institution and centres of excellence.

SCOSA

 

The ASEAN Subcommittee on Space Technology and Applications (SCOSA) is an upgrade to the ASEAN Experts Group on Remote Sensing (AEGRS) after several decisions was made at different meetings based on its requirement to expand its roles in space technology and applications.

SCOSA will continue AEGRS practice in the past to further identify areas of common interest among ASEAN member countries and collaboration with dialogue partners in space and related technologies and its applications for mutual benefits.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of SCOSA is to formulate framework for enhancing collaboration in space technology and its applications and to implement programmes and projects towards operationalisation of these technologies for the sustainable development in the ASEAN region.

To achieve the above objective, the functions of SCOSA shall be to:

1. 
   
   
   
   Formulate and coordinate collaborative and cooperative programmes and projects on space technology and its applications, in particular, remote sensing, communication and satellite technology applications for environmental and natural resource management, and development planning;
2. 
   
   
   
   Review status and capability of space technology in the region and promote this technology for natural resource and environmental management and sustainable development;
3. 
   
   
   
   Recommend mechanisms to involve government agencies, industries and academia in promoting and sustaining regional cooperation in space technology and its applications;
4. 
   
   
   
   Exchange information on national policies, programmes and planning in all areas of space technology and its applications among member countries;
5. 
   
   
   
   Facilitate and accelerate the transfer of space technology and its applications to the ASEAN region;
6. 
   
   
   
   Promote collaborative activities and projects on space technology and its applications with relevant international organisations;
7. 
   
   
   
   Advise ASEAN-COST on matters relating to space technology and its applications;
8. 
   
   
   
   Assist in securing financial support and seek funding sources for ASEAN activities and projects relating to space technology and its applications.

 

IUL

(Indonesian University League)

AIUSRA

(All Indonesian University Space Research Association)

Indonesian Space Sciences & Technology School

Astrofisika

FRONTIERS AND CONTROVERSIES IN ASTROPHYSICS

Exam 2 - Midterm Exam 2

Overview Midterm Exam 2 covers Lectures 8 through 15, focusing on relativity and black holes.

The exam does not contain questions on planets.

Resources

 

 

Midterm Exam 2 Solutions [PDF]

Astrofisika

" Semangat Belajar Kita Akan Membentuk Lekukan Ruang dan Waktu Terhadap Masa Depan Hidup Kita"

~Arip~

Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics 

 

 

 Lecture 15 - Supermassive Black Holes

 

 

 

 

Overview:

 

The lecture begins with a question-and-answer session about black holes. Topics include the extent to which we are sure black holes exist in the center of all galaxies, how massive they are, and how we can observe them. The lecture then turns to strong-field relativity: relativistic effects that are unrelated to Newtonian theory. The possibility of testing predictions of the existence of black holes is discussed in the context of strong-field relativity. One way we might learn about black holes is through observation of the orbit of the companion star in an X-ray binary star system. Through this we can estimate the mass of the compact object. The lecture ends with an explanation of how astronomers find black holes, and how Professor Bailyn was able to discover one himself.

Problem sets/Reading assignment:

None assigned

Resources:

Class Notes - Lecture 15 [PDF]
Midterm Exam 2 Preparation Handout [PDF]

Course Media

Transcript

html

Audio

mp3

Low Bandwidth Video

mov [100MB]

High Bandwidth Video

mov [500MB]

Sumber:

1. The University of Yale Open Course Ware

2. Professor Bailyn Websites

http://www.astro.yale.edu/bailyn/
http://www.astro.yale.edu/


Ucapan Terima Kasih:

1. Bapak. Prof. Dr. Ing. H. B. J. Habibie.

2. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

3. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi

4. Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional


Disusun Ulang Oleh:

Arip Nurahman

Department of Physics, Indonesia University of Education

&

Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge.USA.

Semoga Bermanfaat dan Terima Kasih

Astrofisika

"Kita harus meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas kebaikan. Kuantitas bisa dilihat dari frekuensi dan besarnya apa yang Kita berikan kepada orang lain. Sementara kualitas manfaat ditingkatkan dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas diri, yaitu dengan meningkatkan keterampilan dan kemampuan, sehingga apa yang Kita berikan semakin bermanfaat." 

~Arip~ 

Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics

 

Lecture 14 - Pulsars 

 

 

 

Overview:

 

Professor Bailyn begins with a summary of the four post-Newtonian effects of general relativity that were introduced and explained last time: precession of the perihelion, the deflection of light, the gravitational redshift, and gravitational waves. The concept of gravitational lensing is discussed as predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory. The formation of a gravitational lens can be observed when light from a bright distant source bends around a massive object between the source (such as a quasar) and the observer. Professor Bailyn then offers a slideshow of gravitational lenses. The issue of finding suitable astronomical objects that lend the opportunity to observe post-Newtonian relativistic effects is addressed. The lecture ends with Jocelyn Bell and the discovery of pulsars.

Problem sets/Reading assignment:

 

Problem Set 5 [PDF]
Problem Set 5 Solutions [PDF] "The Discovery of the Binary Pulsar"
Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1993
by Russell A. Hulse
Princeton University, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1993/hulse-lecture.html

Course Media Transcript html Audio mp3 Low Bandwidth Video mov [100MB] High Bandwidth Video mov [500MB]

Resources:

Class Notes - Lecture 14 [PDF]

Sumber:

1. The University of Yale Open Course Ware

2. Professor Bailyn Websites

http://www.astro.yale.edu/bailyn/
http://www.astro.yale.edu/

Ucapan Terima Kasih:

1. Bapak. Prof. Dr. Ing. H. B. J. Habibie.

2. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

3. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi

4. Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional


Disusun Ulang Oleh:

Arip Nurahman

Department of Physics, Indonesia University of Education

&

Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge.USA.

Semoga Bermanfaat dan Terima Kasih

Earth & Space Science Digital Laboratory

Visi

Untuk Menciptakan Kemajuan dalam Bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi Kebumian dan Antariksa demi Keselamatan serta Kesejahteraan Umat Manusia

Misi

1. Inovasi dalam IPTEK Laboratorium Digital Kebumian dan Keantariksaan

2. Penelitian dalam IPTEK Laboratorium Digital Kebumian dan Keantariksaan

3. Pengembangan dalam IPTEK Laboratorium Digital Kebumian dan Keantariksaan

4. Pendidikan dalam IPTEK Laboratorium Digital Kebumian dan Keantariksaan

Program

1. Pembelajaran Teknik Geologi

2. Pembelajaran Geografi dan Lingkungan

3. Pembelajaran Fisika Antariksa






Fokus

By: Ade Akhyar Nurdin
 
Di sini saya menulis artikel dan berita yang berhubungan dengan geologi, baik yang ditulis sendiri maupun dari berbagai sumber serta opini pribadi tentang isue-isue terkini dibidang geologi. silakan comment klo ada yang kurang pas dengan hasil tulisan saya.

Adapun beberapa artikel yang telah saya terbitkan, antara lain:

• Cara Oke Pelihara Bumi
• Hasil COP-13 di Bali (Bali Road Map)
• Magma, Lava, & Lahar
• Penentuan Umur dengan Metode 14C
• What Does Geologist Do?
• Pencemaran

Research groups within or in relation to the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at UCLA.

• Astrobiology
• Argon Isotope Group
• Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (CSEOL)
• Cosmochemistry
• Experimental Petrology and Geochemistry (PTX)
• Geodynamics Group
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP)
• Ion Probe Group (W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Ion Isotope Geochemistry)
• Mineral Physics Laboratory
• Planetary Plasma Physics Group
• Solar Wind Coupling & Geomagnetic Activity Group
• Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
• Space Physics Group
• Space Science Center
• Space Weather Group

Founder by:

1. Ade Akhyar Nurdin
The Last Geolog in the World



2. Arip Nurahman


3. Ridwan Firdaus


Thanks To:

1. Earth and Space Sciences - University of California, L.A.

2. Harvard University Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences

3.Earth - NASA Science 


Powered by:

1. Museum Geologi Bandung

2. Laboratorium Ilmu Pengetahuan Bumi dan Antariksa, Pendidikan Fisika. FPMIPA. UPI Bandung

3. Departemen Teknik Geologi UNSOED

4. Departemen Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Astrofisika

"Menjadi Pribadi Yang Bermanfaat Adalah Kemauan Kuncinya adalah kemauan, kemauan kita memberikan manfaat kepada orang lain. Jika kita punya harta, kita bisa memberikan manfaat kepada orang lain dengan harta. Jika kita punya ilmu, kita bisa memberikan manfaat ilmu kepada orang lain. Jika kita punya tenaga, kita bisa memberikan manfaat dari tenaga kita kepada orang lain."

~Arip~

Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics

 

 

Lecture 13 - Stellar Mass Black Holes (cont.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Overview:

 

 

 

Class begins with clarification of equations from the previous lecture. Four post-Newtonian gravitational effects are introduced and discussed in detail. The first of these is the so-called Perihelion Precession, which occurs when the major axis of a planet's elliptical orbit precesses within its orbital plane, in response to changing gravitational forces exerted by other planets. Secondly, deflection of light is described as the curving of light as it passes near a large mass. Gravitational redshift is explained as a frequency effect that occurs as light moves away from a massive body such as a star or black hole. Finally, the existence and effects of gravitational waves are discussed. The lecture closes with a brief history of the 1919 eclipse expedition that made Einstein famous.

Course Media

 

Transcript

html

Audio

mp3

Low Bandwidth Video

mov [100MB]

High Bandwidth Video

mov [500MB]

Problem sets/Reading assignment:

 

 

Problem Set 4 [PDF]
Problem Set 4 Solutions [PDF]

Resources:

Class Notes - Lecture 13 [PDF]

Step by Step into a Black Hole:
Courtesy of Ute Kraus, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Golm,
and Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen
http://www.spacetimetravel.org/expeditionsl/expeditionsl.html


Black Holes and Neutron Stars:
"Written Description of Visible Distortion Effects"
Courtesy of Robert Nemiroff, Michigan Technological University
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html

Sumber:

1. The University of Yale Open Course Ware

2. Professor Bailyn Websites

http://www.astro.yale.edu/bailyn/
http://www.astro.yale.edu/


Ucapan Terima Kasih:

1. Bapak. Prof. Dr. Ing. H. B. J. Habibie.

2. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

3. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi

4. Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional


Disusun Ulang Oleh:

Arip Nurahman

Department of Physics, Indonesia University of Education

&

Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge.USA.

Semoga Bermanfaat dan Terima Kasih

Astrofisika

"Biasakanlah Memberikan Manfaat, Jadikan Gaya Hidup Kita: Jika memberikan manfaat kepada orang sudah menjadi kebiasaan kita, maka kita sudah mulai menjadi pribadi yang bermanfaat."

~arip~

Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics

 

Lecture 12 - Stellar Mass Black Holes

 

 

 

 

Overview:

 

One last key concept in Special Relativity is introduced before discussion turns again to black celestial bodies (black holes in particular) that manifest the relativistic effects students have learned about in the previous lectures. The new concept deals with describing events in a coordinate system of space and time. A mathematical explanation is given for how space and time reverse inside the Schwarzschild radius through sign changes in the metric. Evidence for General Relativity is offered from astronomical objects. The predicted presence and subsequent discovery of Neptune as proof of General Relativity are discussed, and stellar mass black holes are introduced.

Problem sets/Reading assignment:

 

Sheehan, William and Richard Baum. "Neptune's Discovery." Astronomy (September 1996) : 43-49.

Fernie, J. Donald. "In Pursuit of Vulcan." American Scientist (82) : 412-415.

Course Media Transcript html Audio mp3 Low Bandwidth Video mov [100MB] High Bandwidth Video mov [500MB]

Resources:

Class Notes - Lecture 12 [PDF]

Step by Step into a Black Hole:
Courtesy of Ute Kraus, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Golm,
and Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen
http://www.spacetimetravel.org/expeditionsl/expeditionsl.html


Black Holes and Neutron Stars:
"Written Description of Visible Distortion Effects"
Courtesy of Robert Nemiroff, Michigan Technological University
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html

Sumber:

1. The University of Yale Open Course Ware

2. Professor Bailyn Websites

http://www.astro.yale.edu/bailyn/
http://www.astro.yale.edu/

Ucapan Terima Kasih:

1. Bapak. Prof. Dr. Ing. H. B. J. Habibie.

2. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

3. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi

4. Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional


Disusun Ulang Oleh:

Arip Nurahman

Department of Physics, Indonesia University of Education

&

Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge.USA.

Semoga Bermanfaat dan Terima Kasih