The International Space Station
program is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and
financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the
project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to
crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and
station resupply.
These agreements tie together the five space agencies and their
respective International Space Station Programs and govern how they
interact with each other on a daily basis to maintain station
operations, from traffic control of spacecraft to and from the station,
to utilization of space and crew time.
See also
See also
Categories: Disambiguation pages | Academics | Lists of scientists | History of science | Scientists | Lists of lists
The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial
satellite in low Earth orbit. It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Skylab and
Mir stations
as the ninth space station to be inhabited. The ISS is a
modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998.
Now the largest artificial body in orbit, it can often be seen at the
appropriate time with the naked
eye from Earth.
The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays
and other components. ISS components have been launched by American Space
Shuttles as well as Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets.
The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew
members conduct experiments in biology,
human biology, physics,
astronomy,
meteorology
and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and
equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars
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The ISS programme is a joint
project among five participating space agencies: NASA, the Russian Federal Space Agency, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ownership and use of the space station is established by
intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the Russian orbital
segment (ROS) and the United States orbital segment (USOS), which is shared by
many nations. The ISS is maintained at an orbital altitude of
between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). It completes 15.7 orbits
per day.
The ISS is funded until 2020, and may operate until 2028. The Russian Federal Space Agency (RSA/RKA) has proposed using ISS to commission modules for a new space station, called OPSEK, before the remainder of the ISS is de-orbited.
The Station simplifies individual experiments by eliminating the need
for separate rocket launches and research staff. The primary fields of
research include Astrobiology, astronomy,
human research including space medicine and life sciences, physical sciences, materials science, space
weather and weather on Earth (meteorology).
Scientists on Earth have access to the crew's data and can modify
experiments or launch new ones, benefits generally unavailable on
unmanned spacecraft.
Crews fly expeditions
of several months duration, providing approximately 160 man-hours a
week of labour with a crew of 6.
Sumber:
NASA
Wikipedia
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