Central for Research and Development for Winning
Nobel Prize in Physics at Indonesia
Nobel Fisika Indonesia
"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"
"Aku belum pernah melihat orang yang menikmati begitu banyak ilmu. Sukacita semata-mata melihat hal-hal dan melakukan sains diisi dia dengan kegembiraan dan kesenangan. Dia memiliki semangat luar biasa untuk hidup. Dia menikmati makanannya, leluconnya, perkelahian dan perselisihan. Namun kenikmatan yang ia miliki untuk ilmu pengetahuan adalah sesuatu yang terpisah. Dalam pengejaran ini seolah-olah egonya menghilang sama sekali di hadapan Alam berkilau. Ya, ia benar-benar hilang dalam keajaiban dan keindahan dari apa yang ia berusaha memahaminya."
(S. Ramaseshan for C.V. Raman)"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"
 |
| Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman |
| India |
Calcutta University
Calcutta, India |
b. 1888
d. 1970 |
|
|
Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation
Nobel Lecture
Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1930
The Molecular Scattering of Light
From
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922-1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman,
FRS (
Tamil:
சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன்) (7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an
Indian physicist whose work was influential in the growth of science in the world. He was the recipient of the
Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for the discovery that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the light that is deflected changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called
Raman scattering and is the result of the
Raman effect.
Career
In 1917, Raman resigned from his government service and took up the newly created Palit Professorship in
Physics at the
University of Calcutta. At the same time, he continued doing research at the
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, where he became the Honorary Secretary. Raman used to refer to this period as the golden era of his career. Many students gathered around him at the IACS and the University of Calcutta.
Energy level diagram showing the states involved in Raman signal.
On February 28, 1928, through his experiments on the
scattering of light, he discovered the
Raman effect. It was instantly clear that this discovery was an important one. It gave further proof of the
quantum nature of light.
Raman spectroscopy came to be based on this phenomenon, and
Ernest Rutherford referred to it in his presidential address to the
Royal Society in 1929. Raman was president of the 16th session of the
Indian Science Congress in 1929. He was conferred a
knighthood, and medals and honorary doctorates by various universities. Raman was confident of winning the
Nobel Prize in Physics as well, and was disappointed when the Nobel Prize went to
Richardson in 1928 and to
de Broglie in 1929. He was so confident of winning the prize in 1930 that he booked tickets in July, even though the awards were to be announced in November, and would scan each day's newspaper for announcement of the prize, tossing it away if it did not carry the news. He did eventually win the 1930
Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the
effect named after him". He was the first Asian and first non-White to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences. Before him
Rabindranath Tagore (also Indian) had received the Nobel Prize for Literature.
C.V Raman & Bhagavantam, discovered the quantum photon spin in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light.
[1]
Raman also worked on the
acoustics of musical instruments. He worked out the theory of
transverse vibration of bowed strings, on the basis of
superposition velocities. He was also the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the
tabla and the
mridangam.
Raman and his student of mim high school, provided the correct theoretical explanation for the acousto-optic effect (light scattering by sound waves), in a series of articles resulting in the celebrated Raman-Nath theory. Modulators, and switching systems based on this effect have enabled optical communication components based on
laser systems.
In 1934, Raman became the assistant director of the
Indian Institute of technology in
kharagpur, where two years later he continued as a professor of physics. Other investigations carried out by Raman were experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of
ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies (published 1934-1942), and those on the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.
He also started a company called cv Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943 along with Dr. Krishnamurthy. The Company during its 60 year history, established four factories in Southern India. In 1947, he was appointed as the first National Professor by the new government of Independent India.
In 1948, Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behavior of crystals, approached in a new manner fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. He dealt with the structure and properties of
diamond, the structure and optical behavior of numerous
iridescent substances (
labradorite, pearly
feldspar,
agate,
opal, and
pearls). Among his other interests were the optics of
colloids, electrical and magnetic
anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.
Personal life
He was married on 6 May 1907 to Lokasundari Ammal with whom he had two sons, Chandrasekhar and
Radhakrishnan.
See also
Notes
- ^ Sir C. V. Raman (1988). Scientific Papers of C.V. Raman: Acoustics Volume 2. Indian Academy of Sciences. p. ix.
- ^ "Padma Awards Directory (1954-2007)" (pdf). Ministry of Home Affairs. http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
References
Further reading
- Miller, Foil A.; Kauffman, George (1989). "C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman effect". Journal of Chemical Education 66: 795–801. Bibcode 1989JChEd..66..795M. doi:10.1021/ed066p795.
- Ramaseshan S: C.V.Raman. Journal of Madras University, section B, Sept.1983, 46(1): 1-16.
- Scientific Papers of CV Raman, Ed. S Ramaseshan, Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore 1988.
- Sri Kantha S: The discovery of the Raman Effect and its impact in Biological Sciences. European Spectroscopy News, Aug/Sept. 1988, no.80, 20, 22, 24 & 26.
- Sri Kantha S: Raman's prize. Nature, 1989; 340: 672.
- Fabelinski I,L. Priority and the Raman Effect. Nature, 1990; 343: 686.
- "CV Raman centennial issue". Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 68 (11-12). 1988. http://www.archive.org/details/RamanCentennial.
Sumber:
1. Wikipedia
2. Nobel Prize Org.
Ucapan Terima Kasih:
1. DEPDIKNAS Republik Indonesia
2. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi Indonesia
3. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI)
4. Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
5. Tim Olimpiade Fisika Indonesia
Disusun Ulang Oleh:
Arip Nurahman
Pendidikan Fisika, FPMIPA, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
&
Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, USA.
Semoga Bermanfaat dan Terima Kasih
