Kuliah Terbuka Electricity and Magnetism dari MIT

"If you take this course your life will never be the same. I will make you look at the world in a way you never have looked at it before. This will broaden your horizons and enrich your life. Without electricity no planets or stars could exist. You could not exist either. You're heart could not beat and you couldn't even think without electricity. If you one of those students who hate physics, its not your fault. It was just bad luck that you had a poor teacher. Whether you like it or not, I'm going to make you love physics... ALL of you and your life will never be the same."

~Prof. Walter Lewin, Ph.D.~

Register for this course:

https://www.edx.org/courses/MITx/8.02x/2013_Spring/about

ABOUT THE LECTURES

Lewin's lectures at MIT are legendary. Many have been shown for over six years (starting in 1995) on UWTV in Seattle, reaching an audience of about four million people. For fifteen years (starting in 1983) he was on MIT Cable TV helping freshmen with their weekly homework assignments.

His programs, which were aired 24 hours per day, were also frequently watched by upper-class students. Additionally, his 35 lectures on Newtonian Mechanics, 36 lectures on Electricity and Magnetism and 23 lectures on Vibrations and Waves can also be viewed at MIT's OpenCourseWare, iTunes U, YouTube and Academic Earth.

These lectures are being watched by about 5000 people daily from all over the world, that's about two million people per year! Many teachers show them regularly in their classrooms, and Bill Gates wrote Professor Lewin that he has watched all his lectures more than once, and that he learned a lot from them.

The many responses that Professor Lewin receives daily are quite wonderful and often very moving.

Course Staff

Walter Lewin 

Professor Lewin got his PhD in Nuclear Physics at the Technical University in Delft, the Netherlands in 1965. He joined the Physics faculty at MIT in 1966 and became a pioneer in the new field of X-ray Astronomy. His 105 online lectures are world renowned and watched by about 2 million people yearly. Lewin has received five teaching awards.

He is the only MIT Professor featured in "The Best 300 Professors" of The Princeton Review. Professor Lewin co-authored with Warren Goldstein the book "For the Love of Physics" (Free Press, Simon & Schuster), which as of 2012 has been translated in 9 languages and will be translated in a total of 11 languages.

About this book Bill Gates wrote: "For the Love of Physics captures Walter Lewin's extraordinary intellect, passion for physics, and brilliance as a teacher. Hopefully this book will bring more people into the orbit of this extraordinary educator and scientist." Review by Bill Gates of book "For the Love of Physics"

John Belcher

Professor Belcher earned his Ph.D. in Physics from Caltech in 1971. Much of his research career has centered on the Voyager Mission to the outer planets, now known as the: Voyager Interstellar Mission. From 1999 to 2005, Professor Belcher led the TEAL Project at MIT. Among other things, that project developed original methods for the visualization and animation of electromagnetic fields, many of which appear in this course.

Riccardo Abbate
 

Earned his Ph.D. in Theoretical Particle Physics at MIT in 2012, with a thesis focusing on the Theory of Strong Interaction.

Isaac Chuang 

Isaac Chuang (Course Developer) is a professor of Physics and a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT. His research focuses on quantum information and quantum computation. Professor Chuang leads the NSF IGERT on Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Science and Engineering at MIT. He is deeply involved in developing new methods for teaching and learning, as the associate director of MIT's Office of Digital Learning, and as a core developer of the edX platform.  

 Peter Dourmashkin

  

is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Physics at MIT. His research interests are in Mathematical Physics, Lie Group and Algebra Representation Theory. He has been part of the development, implementation, and teaching team for Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL). He has developed OCW Scholar Courses, the physics curriculum for a new university, the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), and is currently working on online learning through MITx and edX.

Saif Rayyan

is a lecturer in the Physics Department and the Concourse Program at MIT. He received his Ph.D. in theoretical particle physics from Virginia Tech before switching his interests to teaching and to physics education research. He moved to MIT as a postdoc working with the RELATE group (Research in Learning, Assessing and Tutoring Effectively). Now, In addition to teaching introductory physics, Saif is working on the development of courses on edX, and trying to find the best practices in using online platforms to help students learn.

George Stephans

Earned his Ph.D. at University of Pennsylvania, is a Senior Research Scientist in the Laboratory for Nuclear Science and a Senior Lecturer in the Physics Department at MIT. His research work involves collisions of very high energy atomic nuclei. The goal of these studies is to understand the behavior of systems of sub-atomic constituents (quarks and gluons) at extremely high temperatures and densities. His most recent experiments use the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. He has decades of experience teaching physics at MIT, including many different versions of 8.02.

Sources:

https://www.edx.org/

http://ocw.mit.edu

Menjadi Bangsa Superpower dalam Bidang Energi

“Kemerdekaan Indonesia bukan saja soal kemerdekaan politik, ekonomi dan budaya tapi soal bagaimana menjadikan manusia yang didalamnya hidup terhormat dan terjamin kesejahteraannya, pendidikan harus dimajukan, ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi segera diterapkan. Gotong royong, keramahan dan kekuatan kebaikan seluruh rakyat jua mesti terus dipelihara”
~A.N.~

In the context of physical sciences, several forms of energy have been defined.


These include:

• Thermal energy
• Chemical energy
• Electric energy
• Radiant energy, the energy of electromagnetic radiation
• Nuclear energy
• Magnetic energy
• Elastic energy
• Sound energy
• Mechanical energy
• Luminous energy
• Mass (E=mc²)

These forms of energy may be divided into two main groups; kinetic energy and potential energy. Other familiar types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is the work required to accelerate an object to a given speed. These values are expressed as:

Special Relativistic mechanics


At speeds approaching the speed of light c, this work must be calculated using Lorentz transformations, and applying mass and energy conservation, which results in the following:

where

is the lorentz factor.


Here the two terms on the right hand side are identified with the total energy and the rest energy of the object, respectively. This equation reduces to the one above it, at small (compared to c) speed. The kinetic energy is zero at v=0 (when γ = 1), so that at rest, the total energy is the rest energy. So a mass at rest in some inertial reference frame has a corresponding amount of rest energy equal to:

All masses at rest have a tremendous amount of energy, due to the proportionality factor of c².

The Electric Potential Energy 

The electric potential energy of given configuration of charges is defined as the work which must be done against the Coulomb force to rearrange charges from infinite separation to this configuration (or the work done by the Coulomb force separating the charges from this configuration to infinity). For two point-like charges Q₁ and Q₂ at a distance r this work, and hence electric potential energy is equal to:

where ε₀ is the electric constant of a vacuum, 10⁷/4πc₀² or 8.854188… × 10⁻¹² F m⁻¹ In terms of electrostatic potential (ϕ for absolute, V for difference in potential), again by definition, electrostatic potential energy is given by:

.

If the charge is accumulated in a capacitor (of capacitance C), the reference configuration is usually selected not to be infinite separation of charges, but vice versa - charges at an extremely close proximity to each other (so there is zero net charge on each plate of a capacitor). The justification for this choice is purely practical it is easier to measure both voltage difference and magnitude of charges on a capacitor plates not versus infinite separation of charges but rather versus discharged capacitor where charges return to close proximity to each other (electrons and ions recombine making the plates neutral). In this case the work and thus the electric potential energy becomes:

,

(different forms obtained using the definition of capacitance).


Menyusun Strategi dan Kebijakan Kemerdekaan Energi Indonesia

Saat ini, total penyediaan energi nasional mencapai 1.177 juta setara barel minyak. Sumber energi yang digunakan pun masih sangat didominasi oleh bahan bakar fosil yaitu 95 persen. Energi terbarukan masih dipandang sebagai energi alternatif, dimana pemanfaatannya hanya 5 persen dari total penyediaan energi nasional.

Indonesia ini tidak hanya berhadapan dengan kolonialisme tapi berhadapan dengan suatu penjajahan model baru seperti modal asing yang memperbudak bangsa Indonesia. Kita ingin modal asing ini dikelola dan diseimbangkan dengan kekuatan rakyat, kekuatan bangsa sendiri.

Bangsa kita harus bisa maju, harus berdaulat di segala bidang, apalagi sumber energi kita punya melimpah ruah. Coba kita susun strategi dan  kebijakan agar bangsa ini merdeka dalam pengelolaan energi. 

Semangat Indonesia

Amin 

Renewable Energy Sources

"Penulis sedang memikirkan bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan Energi Terbarukan di Tanah Air Indonesia"

~Lokasi Gunung Tangkuban Parahu~

Intro:

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generaiton ), followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption.

Climate change concerns coupled with high oil prices, peak oil and increasing government support are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization. European Union leaders reached an agreement in principle in March 2007 that 20 percent of their nations' energy should be produced from renewable fuels by 2020, as part of its drive to cut emissions of carbon dioxide, blamed in part for global warming. Investment capital flowing into renewable energy climbed from $80 billion in 2005 to a record $100 billion in 2006.

Energy and The Future

If we are use renewable energy sources in the future, we must develop them now. In the early nineteenth century, the power base for most of the world was wood, a renewable energy source. 

Forests cannot grow fast enough to provide fuel for people's varied needs today, so the renewable sources on which we used to depend will no longer suffice. In this note we shall discusss harnessing energy from other renewable sources; Sunlight, Rivers and Streams, Geothermal Energy, the tides, the wind, Nuclear, and Bioenergy or the burning of garbage.

1. Solar Energy/Sunlight; If we could trap, concentrate, and store solar energy, human power needs would be fulfilled. Solar energy can be used either directly as heat or more indirectly for the production of electricity. Small-scale solar heaters are relatively cheap to build and are in common use in many parts of the world for water and space heating.

2. Hydroelectric Energy from Rivers and Streams; The sun evaporates water at sea level and the winds bring it to the mountains, where it collects into streams with potential to fall and release energy. Thus, hydroelectric energy is an indirect form of solar energy. As more sites are exploited, more power will be tapped by harnessing falling water. 

3. Geothermal Energy; Energy derived from the heat of the earth's crust, called geothermal energy, has gained increased attention in the past few years. In various places on the globe, such as in the hot springs and geysers of Tangkuban Parahu in Bandung or Kawah Kamojang in Garut, hot water is produced near the surface. 

4. Energy from the Tides; The force of the tides as a source of power has long intrigued man. Imagine a turbine that is immersed in the sea near shore. Electricity could be generated as the tides turn the turbine blades, but the output for a single generator would be small. Moreover, lining the coast with millions of small generators would be uneconomical. An alternative practical solution is to build a tidal dam across a bay or estuary where there is a large rise and fall of the tides. By damming and funneling the water, significant concentrations and economical power output can be realized. 

5. Energy from the Wind; The power of wind has been used since antiquity to pump water and grind grain. Construction of large-scale electric generating stations of this type would pose serious engineering problems because of their huge size, but small windmills as an auxiliary source of home electricity would be economical and would conserve other sources of power. 

6. Nuclear Energy; Man's first use of nuclear energy was for weapons. But the Manhattan project that led to the development of the atomic bomb during World War II also resulted in the development of several nuclear reactors to manufacture Uranium and Plutonium. Nuclear power come from two reactions Fission and Fusion. 

7. Bioenergy and Energy from the Burning of Garbage; Another practical proposal is to burn garbage as a renewable energy source, we called it PLTSA (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah). Bioenergy is a source of power from organic matter such as biogas. 

Sources: 

1. Jonathan Turk, Ph.D. 

2. Amos Turk, Ph.D.

3. Arip Nurahman Notes

4. Physics Research Consulting 

Physical Science with Environmental and Other Practical Applications.

Energy and The Future