"Tanah tempat kita berpijak, Bumi tempat kita dilahirkan, mengandung energi maha dahsyat yang dapat digunakan bagi kemaslahatan seluruh umat manusia"
"Jadi Mirip Power Rangers"
Peneliti muda bersama kawan-kawan mengunjungi Unit Bisnis Pembangkitan Kamojang (sayang namanya bukan Mojang he.,he.,^_^) Unit PLTP Darajat. Garut, Jawa Barat. Indonesia.
Indonesia memiliki potensi panas bumi yang sangat besar yaitu lebih dari 28 Gigawatt (GW) dan tersebar di 299 titik namun hingga kini pemanfaatannya masih sangat minim yaitu baru mencapai 1.341 Megawatt (MW).
Padahal energi panas bumi termasuk energi yang ramah lingkungan karena emisi gas CO2 yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit dibandingkan energi fosil, disamping itu pengembangan panas bumi dapat menjaga kelestarian hutan karena untuk menjaga keseimbangan sistem panas bumi diperlukan perlindungan hutan yang berfungsi sebagai daerah resapan, kemudian energi ini pasokannya jangka panjang dalam arti tidak akan habis terbukti kehandalan pasokan (security of supply) tenaga listrik panas bumi terbukti dapat dipertahankan dalam jangka panjang (bisa lebih dari 30 tahun).
Energi panas bumi juga memiliki kelebihan, yaitu pada umumnya capacity factor pembangkit tenaga listrik panas bumi yang ada di Indonesia bisa mencapai 90 persen per tahun, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai beban dasar dalam sistem ketenagalistrikan.
Lalu kelebihan lain, pengangkutan sumber daya panas bumi tidak terpengaruh oleh risiko transportasi karena tidak menggunakan mobile transportation tetapi hanya menggunakan jaringan pipa dalam jangkauan yang pendek, kemudian produktivitas sumber daya panas bumi relatif tidak terpengaruh oleh perubahan iklim tahunan sebagaimana yang dialami oleh sumber daya air yang digunakan oleh pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA), tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas (no foot print) dan selain untuk pembangkit listrik, panas bumi dapat dimanfaatkan secara langsung.
Cieeeee yang Sedang Berdiskusi
Bagaimana ini sahabat-sahabat kita harus bisa membuat Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi
agar Pasokan Energi Kita Aman.
How much does a geothermal power plant cost?
According to studies, an economically competitive geothermal power plant can cost as low as $3400 per kilowatt installed. While the cost of a new geothermal power plant is higher than that of a comparable natural gas facility, in the long run the two are similar over time. This is because natural gas construction costs account for only one third of the total price of the facility, while the cost of the fuel at a natural gas facility represents two thirds of the cost. The initial construction costs of a geothermal facility, in contrast, represent two thirds or more of total costs. So although initial investment is high for geothermal, natural gas and geothermal are still economically comparable over a long term.
According to studies, an economically competitive geothermal power plant can cost as low as $3400 per kilowatt installed. While the cost of a new geothermal power plant is higher than that of a comparable natural gas facility, in the long run the two are similar over time. This is because natural gas construction costs account for only one third of the total price of the facility, while the cost of the fuel at a natural gas facility represents two thirds of the cost. The initial construction costs of a geothermal facility, in contrast, represent two thirds or more of total costs. So although initial investment is high for geothermal, natural gas and geothermal are still economically comparable over a long term.
What factors influence the cost of a geothermal power plant?
There are many factors that influence the cost of a geothermal power plant. In general, geothermal plants are affected by the cost of steel, other metals and labor, which are universal to the power industry. However, drilling costs may vary as well. Geothermal projects are site-specific, thus the costs to connect to the electric grid vary from project to project. Also, whether the project is the first in a particular area or reservoir impacts both risks and costs. The acquisition and leasing of land also varies, because to fully explore a geothermal resource a developer is required to lease the rights to 2,000 acres or more. Challenges to leasing and permitting vary from project to project; especially on federal lands. These factors include:
* Size of the plant
* Power plant technology
* Knowledge of the resource
* Temperature of the resource
* Chemistry of the geothermal water
* Resource depth and permeability
* Environmental policies
* Tax incentives
* Markets
* Financing options and cost
* Time delays
There are many factors that influence the cost of a geothermal power plant. In general, geothermal plants are affected by the cost of steel, other metals and labor, which are universal to the power industry. However, drilling costs may vary as well. Geothermal projects are site-specific, thus the costs to connect to the electric grid vary from project to project. Also, whether the project is the first in a particular area or reservoir impacts both risks and costs. The acquisition and leasing of land also varies, because to fully explore a geothermal resource a developer is required to lease the rights to 2,000 acres or more. Challenges to leasing and permitting vary from project to project; especially on federal lands. These factors include:
* Size of the plant
* Power plant technology
* Knowledge of the resource
* Temperature of the resource
* Chemistry of the geothermal water
* Resource depth and permeability
* Environmental policies
* Tax incentives
* Markets
* Financing options and cost
* Time delays
Economics
Geothermal power requires no fuel, it is therefore immune to fuel cost fluctuations. However, capital costs
tend to be high. Drilling accounts for over half the costs, and
exploration of deep resources entails significant risks. A typical well
doublet in Nevada can support 4.5 megawatt (MW) of electricity generation and costs about $10 million to drill, with a 20% failure rate.
In total, electrical plant construction and well drilling cost about 2-5 million € per MW of electrical capacity, while the levelised energy cost is 0.04-0.10 € per kW·h. Enhanced geothermal systems tend to be on the high side of these ranges, with capital costs above $4 million per MW and levelized costs above $0.054 per kW·h in 2007. Geothermal power is highly scalable: a small power plant can supply a rural village, though capital can be high.
In total, electrical plant construction and well drilling cost about 2-5 million € per MW of electrical capacity, while the levelised energy cost is 0.04-0.10 € per kW·h. Enhanced geothermal systems tend to be on the high side of these ranges, with capital costs above $4 million per MW and levelized costs above $0.054 per kW·h in 2007. Geothermal power is highly scalable: a small power plant can supply a rural village, though capital can be high.
Chevron Corporation is the world's largest private producer of geothermal electricity. The most developed geothermal field is the Geysers in California. In 2008, this field supported 15 plants, all owned by Calpine, with a total generating capacity of 725 MW.
Mempelajari Perusahaan Geotermal Hebat Dunia
Mempelajari Perusahaan Geotermal Hebat Dunia
Kita juga harus mempelajari perusahaan-perusahaan hebat dalam bidang energi, memahami manajemennya, pengelolaan perusahaan, pengembangan dan hal-hal teknis lainnya:
Salah satunya Chevron Corporation yang merupakan perusahaan Energi Terbesar di Dunia.
Juga Indonesian Power dan Pertamina Geothermal Energy.
Juga Indonesian Power dan Pertamina Geothermal Energy.
Sedikit tayangan video dari Chevron Corporation mengenai:
Memproduksi Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
Chevron adalah produsen energi panas bumi terbesar di dunia dan memiliki operasi yang besar di Indonesia. Energi geothermal dihasilkan dari panas yang berasal dari dalam perut bumi. Energi ini mampu menghasilkan listrik yang andal tanpa efek gas rumah kaca.
Anak perusahaan Chevron Geothermal mengoperasikan dua proyek geothermal di Indonesia: Darajat dan Salak, keduanya berada di Pulau Jawa. Proyek Darajat menyediakan energi geothermal, yang mampu menghasilkan listrik berkapasitas 259 megawatt. Seluruh listrik yang dihasilkan dari operasi Darajat dijual langsung untuk kebutuhan listrik nasional. Chevron memiliki 95 persen kepemilikan operasi di Darajat.
Chevron memiliki dan mengoperasikan proyek Salak. Operasi geothermal ini merupakan salah satu yang terbesar di dunia, dengan total kapasitas operasi mencapai 377 megawatt.
Hasil gabungan dari operasi geothermal Darajat dan Salak kini mampu menghasilkan energi terbarukan yang cukup untuk kebutuhan sekitar 4 juta rumah di Indonesia.
Mengirimkan Pelajar dan Peneliti di Bidang Energi Geotermal
Membangun jurusan dan fakultas serta grup-grup pendidikan, riset, dan pengembangan dalam bidang geothermal.
Memberikan beasiswa bagi pelajar yang berminat melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan dalam bidang Industri pemanfaatan Energi Panas Bumi.
Kunjungi Juga:
1. http://www.chevron.com/
2. http://www.indonesiapower.co.id/SitePages/Home.aspx
3. http://pge.pertamina.com/
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geothermal_power_stations
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesia
6. http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/
Ucapan Terima Kasih Kepada:
Sahabat-sahabatku:
Ridwan Firdaus (Geografi Universitas Negeri Jakarta),
Ade Akhyar Nurdin (Teknik Geologi Universitas Jendral Soedirman),
Widia Prima M. (Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut),
Deni Nugraha (Ilmu Pemerintahan STISIP Banjar),
Ismail Muhammad S. (Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Universitas Jendral Soedirman),
Farid Waliyuddin R. (Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara),
Muhlaso Dian A. (Institute Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri),
Ricky Aji Pratama (Sekolah Tinggi Sandi Negara).
Ade Akhyar Nurdin (Teknik Geologi Universitas Jendral Soedirman),
Widia Prima M. (Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut),
Deni Nugraha (Ilmu Pemerintahan STISIP Banjar),
Ismail Muhammad S. (Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Universitas Jendral Soedirman),
Farid Waliyuddin R. (Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara),
Muhlaso Dian A. (Institute Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri),
Ricky Aji Pratama (Sekolah Tinggi Sandi Negara).
Tak lupa kepada Kang Alan atas foto-fotonya, nuhun.
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