Energi merupakan sumber pembangunan yang tak terpisahkan.
Saat ini, miliaran orang di seluruh dunia tidak memiliki akses ke bentuk energi
yang dapat diandalkan.
Bio gas Production:
Bio gas is practically produced as landfill gas (LFG) or digested gas. A bio gas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats farm wastes or energy crops. Bio gas can be produced using anaerobic digesters. These plants can be fed with energy crops such as maize silage or biodegradable wastes including sewage sludge and food waste. During the process, as an air-tight tank transforms biomass waste into methane producing renewable energy that can be used for heating, electricity, and many other operations that use any variation of an internal combustion engine, such as GE Jenbacher gas engines.
There are two key processes: Mesophilic and Thermophilic digestion. In experimental work at University of Alaska Fairbanks,
a 1000-litre digester using psychrophiles harvested from "mud from a
frozen lake in Alaska" has produced 200–300 liters of methane per day,
about 20–30% of the output from digesters in warmer climates. Landfill gas is produced by wet organic waste decomposing under anaerobic conditions in a landfill.
The waste is covered and mechanically compressed by the weight of the
material that is deposited from above. This material prevents oxygen
exposure thus allowing anaerobic microbes to thrive. This gas builds up
and is slowly released into the atmosphere if the landfill site has not
been engineered to capture the gas. Landfill gas is hazardous for three
key reasons. Landfill gas becomes explosive when it escapes from the
landfill and mixes with oxygen. The lower explosive limit is 5% methane
and the upper explosive limit is 15% methane.
The methane contained within biogas is 20 times more potent a greenhouse gas
than carbon dioxide. Therefore, uncontained landfill gas, which escapes
into the atmosphere may significantly contribute to the effects of global warming. In addition, landfill gas impact in global warming, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained within landfill gas contribute to the formation of photochemical smog.
Kandungan Energi Biogas
Nilai kalori dari 1 meter kubik Biogas sekitar 6.000 watt jam yang
setara dengan setengah liter minyak diesel. Oleh karena itu Biogas
sangat cocok digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah
lingkungan pengganti minyak tanah, LPG, butana, batu bara, maupun bahan-bahan lain yang berasal dari fosil.
Program Biogas Rumah
Program BIRU menggunakan pendekatan sektor privat,
menciptakan sektor konstruksi biogas,
melibatkan kontraktor dan pekerja lokal yang terlatih,
didukung oleh lembaga pelatihan kejuruan regional ataupun nasional.
Reaktor biogas tidaklah murah, maka dari itu, untuk mengurangi beban biaya,
bank-bank dan/atau institusi keuangan mikro akan menyediakan pinjaman dan
garansi 2 tahun kesalahan konstruksional bagi pengguna sebagai tambahan
dari insentif investasi yang ditawarkan program ini.
Pengguna BIRU dilindungi dari kesalahan konstruksi melalui garansi 2 tahun.
Peran organisasi pembangunan-non-pemerintah pedesaan dan
layanan jasa peternakan dan pertanian pemerintah maupun swasta terintegrasi
di dalam program.
Program ini akan menciptakan lapangan kerja baru dan sektor bisnis baru di Indonesia.
Lihat Juga:
Anaerobic digestion
Biodegradability
Bioenergy
Biofuel
Biohydrogen
Landfill gas monitoring
MSW/LFG (municipal solid waste and landfill gas)
Natural gas
Renewable energy
Renewable natural gas
Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources
Tables of European biogas utilisation
Thermal hydrolysis
Waste management
Sumber:
Arip Nurahman Notes
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan ESDM
Program BIRU:
http://www.biru.or.id/
Semoga Bermanfaat
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