Indonesian Space Sciences & Technology School

Indonesian Space Sciences & Technology School

SPACE HARDWARE

Part I - Spacecraft Systems

In this page we define the most common types of spacecraft, identify and briefly describe the major spacecraft subsystems, and describe the science instruments typically carried on space missions.

• Types of Spacecraft
• Structural Subsystems
• Power Supply and Distribution Subsystems
• Telecommunications Subsystems
• Data Handling Subsystems
• Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystems
• Propulsion Subsystems
• Pyrotechnic Subsystems
• Environmental Subsystems
• Landing Subsystems
• Science Instruments

Part II - Launcher & Spacecraft Specifications

In this page we provide detailed specifications and technical data for selected spacecraft, space stations, launch vehicles, and engines.  Included is a significant amount of physical data about each vehicle as well as descriptive and historical information.  Vehicles from all major space faring nations are included.

Part III - Space Launch Vehicles

In this page we provide a list of the world's launch vehicles, both past and present.  Included are vehicle name, country, mass, propellants, thrust, and brief remarks.  This list was first published 1989 and is thus not complete, however most launchers in service or development at or prior to that time are included.  More than 100 launchers are listed. 

Added & Edited

By: Arip Nurahman
Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics

Indonesia University of Education

and

Follower Open Course Ware at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, USA
Department of Physics 
http://web.mit.edu/physics/
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/index.htm
&
Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering
http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Aeronautics-and-Astronautics/index.htm

Sources:

Braeuning

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Sky

The sky, also known as the celestial dome, commonly refers to everything that lies a certain distance above the surface of Earth, including the atmosphere and the rest of outer space. In the field of astronomy, the sky is also called the celestial sphere. This is an imaginary dome where the sun, stars, planets, and the moon are seen to be traveling. The celestial sphere is divided into regions called constellations. Usually, the term sky is used from the point of view of the Earth's surface. However, the exact meaning of the term can vary; in some cases, the sky is defined as only the denser portions of the atmosphere, for example.

The Crescent Moon remains visible just moments before Sunrise.

During daylight, the sky appears to be blue because air scatters blue sunlight more than it scatters red.^[1][2][3][4] At night, the sky appears to be a mostly dark surface or region scattered with stars. During the day, the Sun can be seen in the sky, unless obscured by clouds. In the night sky (and to some extent during the day) the moon, planets and stars are visible in the sky. Some of the natural phenomena seen in the sky are clouds, rainbows, and aurorae. Lightning and precipitation can also be seen in the sky during storms. Birds, insects, aircraft, and kites are often considered to fly in the sky. As a result of human activities, smog during the day and light pollution during the night are often seen above large cities.